The water cycle is a continuous movement of water on and below the surface of the Earth. The sun drives the water cycle. The start of the water cycle is when the sun evaporates the water from the oceans and seas, this process is called evaporation. During that process the sun also drains the water from the trees and the leaves, this is called transpiration. After that tiny water droplets condense and form rain clouds, this process is known as condensation. Next, the water precipitates from the clouds and into the rivers and etc, this is the precipitation stage. After this the water runs off into the rivers to the lakes, ponds, and streams this stage is the runoff, stage. While the rain runs down the streams it also goes under the rocks and down underground this is seepage. The underground reservoir, moves the groundwater towards the ocean, but before through all the plants it goes through, the roots uptake the water in a process known as root uptake. Finally the water goes back into the ocean, and cycle goes on and on. The water cycle also has a few other steps and details that we didn't mention in class. There is snowmelt, which is the runoff by snow, canopy interception,is when the foliage of a canopy intercepts the precipitation and releases it into the atmosphere rather than it falling to the ground, sublimation,and which is when the solid water turns into water vapor.
The global water cycle can be described with nine major physical processes which form a continuum of water movement. Complex pathways include the passage of water from the gaseous envelope around the planet called the atmosphere, through the bodies of water on the surface of earth such as the oceans, glaciers and lakes, and at the same time (or more slowly) passing through the soil and rock layers underground. Later, the water is returned to the atmosphere. A fundamental characteristic of the hydrologic cycle is that it has no beginning an it has no end. It can be studied by starting at any of the following processes: evaporation, transpiration condensation, precipitation, runoff, and storage. Evaporation occurs when the physical state of water is changed from a liquid state to a gaseous state. A considerable amount of heat, about 600 calories of energy for each gram of water, is exchanged during the change of state. Typically, solar radiation and other factors such as air temperature, vapor pressure, wind, and atmospheric pressure affect the amount of natural evaporation that takes place in any geographic area. Evaporation can occur on raindrops, and on free water surfaces such as seas and lakes. It can even occur from water settled on vegetation, soil, rocks and snow. There is also evaporation caused by human activities. Heated buildings experience evaporation of water settled on its surfaces. Evaporated moisture is lifted into the atmosphere from the ocean, land surfaces, and water bodies as water vapor. Some vapor always exists in the atmosphere. Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. Transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves. When rain hits saturated or impervious ground it begins to flow overland downhill. It is easy to see if it flows down your driveway to the curb and into a storm sewer, but it is harder to notice it flowing overland in a natural setting. During a heavy rain you might notice small rivulets of water flowing downhill. Water will flow along channels as it moves into larger creeks, streams, and rivers. This picture gives a graphic example of how surface runoff (here flowing off a road) enters a small creek. The runoff in this case is flowing over bare soil and is depositing sediment into the river (not good for water quality). The runoff entering this creek is beginning its journey back to the ocean. When the war gets to the bottom it is sucked into the ground wich is called seepage. Then the water can either be stored under water as groundwater, get taken by roots, or go back into the ocean. Then it repeats all over again. This is called the water cycle
In most ecosystems nitrogen is primarily stored in living and dead organic matter. This organic nitrogen is converted into inorganic forms when it re-enters the biogeochemical cycle via decomposition. Decomposers, found in the upper soil layer, chemically modify the nitrogen found in organic matter from ammonia (NH3 ) to ammonium salts (NH4+ ). This process is known as mineralization and it is carried out by a variety of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi.
Nitrogen in the form of ammonium can be absorbed onto the surfaces of clay particles in the soil. The ion of ammonium has a positive molecular charge is normally held by soil colloids. This process is sometimes called micelle fixation (see Figure 9s-1). Ammonium is released from the colloids by way of cation exchange. When released, most of the ammonium is often chemically altered by a specific type of autotrophic bacteria (bacteria that belong to the genus Nitrosomonas) into nitrite (NO2- ). Further modification by another type of bacteria (belonging to the genus Nitrobacter) converts the nitrite to nitrate (NO3- ). Both of these processes involve chemical oxidation and are known as nitrification. However, nitrate is very soluble and it is easily lost from the soil system by leaching. Some of this leached nitrate flows through the hydrologic system until it reaches the oceans where it can be returned to the atmosphere by denitrification. Denitrification is also common in anaerobic soils and is carried out by heterotrophic bacteria. The process of denitrification involves the metabolic reduction of nitrate (NO3- ) into nitrogen (N2) or nitrous oxide (N2O) gas. Both of these gases then diffuse into the atmosphere.
Almost all of the nitrogen found in any terrestrial ecosystem originally came from the atmosphere. Significant amounts enter the soil in rainfall or through the effects of lightning. The majority, however, is biochemically fixed within the soil by specialized micro-organisms like bacteria, actinomycetes, and cyanobacteria. Members of the bean family (legumes) and some other kinds of plants form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with nitrogen fixing bacteria. In exchange for some nitrogen, the bacteria receive from the plants carbohydrates and special structures (nodules) in roots where they can exist in a moist environment. Scientists estimate that biological fixation globally adds approximately 140 million metric tons of nitrogen to ecosystems every year.
One of the important geochemical cycles is the Water Cycle. The process of the water cycle is a descriptive and has four processes before it repeats itself. The major natural substances that the water cycle needs are trees, the sun, and water. Another term for the Water Cycle is the Hydrological cycle. Major terms you must know in order to understand the water cycle is evaporation, which is the process when water turns into gas and transpiration, which is the process of the water in the leaves of the stomata evaporates. Water Cycle's first step is when water from oceans, ponds, lakes and other types of bodies of water. Also in the first step transpiration occurs and the water is taken from the stomata. The second step of this process is when the water vapor reaches the atmosphere, cools down and forms into clouds. As time passes the droplets of water get bigger as a result the final step arrives. The final step of this process is that rain, snow, hail or sleet which falls from these clouds because the water droplets become to big for the clouds to hold. When the final process is over this cycle that I explain continues. This process is never ending until one of the three major components are missing, which are water, nature, and the sun. As you can see this is a very detailed process and there is more which are how the water goes into the ground which is seepage and provides water to the roots. When these roots have received their water, the surplus water that is left drains itself into the ocean, which is called runoff.
The water cycle is a nonstop movement of water on and below Earths surface The sun is the reason the water cycle continues and helps drive the cycle.The sun heats the water in oceans and seas. Water evaporates into water vapor into the air. While this part of the cycle is occurring, transpiration, the process of transpiring water from plants, their leaves, and also evaporating from the soil, is also happening. Air currents drag the water vapor up into the atmosphere, where the different temperature causes the vapor to condense and turn into clouds in a process called condensation. Eventually, this condensed water vapor being dragged around by the air current, starts to precipitate in a few different forms: rain, snow, hail, sleet, etc. Most water falls back into the oceans or onto land as rain, where the water flows over the ground as runoff. Also water the gathers up on high elevations, like mountains or hills, can also produce runoffs that evenutally make their way to lakes. Some of this surface runoff joins back to the rivers, others seep into the ground in a process called percolation. That water becomes groundwater, and can be stored underground for a long time. Groundwater can either reconnect to large bodies of water, and can also get taken up to the plant roots in a process called root uptake. Over time, water returns to bodies of water, like the ocean, and eventually the process is repeated all over again.
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants and animals in the form of ions .It is a part of DNA-molecules. Phosphorus is also a building block of certain parts of the human and animal body, such as the bones and teeth.
Phosphorus can be found on earth in water, soil and sediments. Unlike the compounds of other matter cycles phosphorus cannot be found in air in the gaseous state. This is because phosphorus is usually liquid at normal temperatures and pressures. It is mainly cycling through water, soil and sediments. In the atmosphere phosphorus can mainly be found as very small dust particles. Phosphorus moves slowly from deposits on land and in sediments, to living organisms, and than much more slowly back into the soil and water sediment. The phosphorus cycle is the slowest one of the matter cycles .
Phosphorus is most commonly found in rock formations and ocean sediments as phosphate salts. Phosphate salts that are released from rocks through weathering usually dissolve in soil water and will be absorbed by plants. Because the quantities of phosphorus in soil are generally small, it is often the limiting factor for plant growth. That is why humans often apply phosphate fertilizers on farmland. Phosphates are also limiting factors for plant-growth in marine ecosystems, because they are not very water-soluble. Animals absorb phosphates by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Phosphorus cycles through plants and animals much faster than it does through rocks and sediments. When animals and plants die, phosphates will return to the soils or oceans again during decay. After that, phosphorus will end up in sediments or rock formations again, remaining there for millions of years. Eventually, phosphorus is released again through weathering and the cycle starts over.
One of the three major biochemical cycles is the water cycle. The water cycle has no starting or ending point, but I’ll begin with the oceans, since that is where most of Earth's water exists. The sun heats water in the oceans. Some of it evaporates as vapor into the air. Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmosphere, along with water from transpiration. Transpiration is the process in which water given off through the leaves of plants and evaporated from the soil. The vapor rises into the air where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into clouds. Air currents move clouds around the globe. Cloud particles collide, grow, and fall out of the sky as precipitation. Some precipitation falls as snow and can accumulate as icecaps and glaciers, which can store frozen water for thousands of years. Snow packs in warmer climates often thaw and melt when spring arrives. The melted water flows overland as snowmelt. Most precipitation falls back into the oceans or onto land (due to gravity). The precipitation flows over the ground as surface runoff. A portion of runoff enters rivers in valleys in the landscape, with stream flow moving water towards the oceans. Runoff, and ground-water seepage, accumulate and are stored as freshwater in lakes. Not all runoff flows into rivers, though. Much of it soaks into the ground as infiltration. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes aquifers, which are saturated subsurface rock. Aquifers store huge amounts of freshwater for long periods of time. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface-water bodies (and the ocean) as ground-water discharge, and some ground water finds openings in the land surface and emerges as freshwater springs. Over time all of the water keeps moving. Some of it re-enters the ocean, and the process is repeated over and over again.
The water cycle one of the most important biogeochemical cycles is a continuous cycle in which the water is constantly changing form. As the sun heats up the water in the oceans and or plants it causes the water in them to evaporate or trans-pirated (plant). As the water evaporates it turns into water vapor thus rising into the atmosphere. As the water is brought up to the atmosphere the air currents causes it to condense. The air currents keep moving the condense water around causing it to precipitate. There are several forms of precipitation like hail, snow, rain, and sleet, but the most common one is rain. Most of the rain falls into the ocean or falls on hills causing runoffs and ending up in the ocean. Rain also sometimes falls on flat land causing it to gather up. As the water gathers up it can form lakes or it can seep through the ground in a process called percolation. As the water seeps through it is stored underground making it groundwater. The groundwater can connect to large bodies of water such as oceans and lakes or it can be kept and stored into the ground. As the runoff or groundwater ends up into the ocean the cycle repeats itself.
Water is one of the most essential nutrients to sustain human life. If it were not for the water cycle, water would not be reused. The water cycle begins when water is evaporated from bodies of water, for example the ocean. A lot of water is also stored within leaves. Water can also be evaporated from leaves in the process known as transpiration. Once the water rises in the form of water vapor, it condenses to form clouds in the atmosphere. Once the evaporated and condensated water becomes large enough to form rain drops, the water returns back to the surface of the land through the process that is known as precipitation. After water has precipitated back to Earth in the form of rain, two difeerent processes can take place; the precipitated water can either run off back into a body of water, or it can seep through the soil into the ground through a process known as percolation. If enough water has percolated into the ground, an underground reservoir of water can be formed. An underground reservoir is very useful to humans. This is because humans can use the water found in the underground reservoir as a source of fresh water. After all the processes that form the water cycle are completed, the cycle repeats beginning with evaporation and/or transporation to reuse the water.
The water cycle is just as important as any of the other biogeochemical cycles (nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, and carbon cycle) that take place on earth.
Nitrogen is one of the essential components of DNA, RNA, and proteins, the building blocks of all living organisms. All organisms require nitrogen to live and grow. Although the majority of the air we breath is N2 (78 percent), most of the nitrogen in the atmosphere is unavailable for use by organisms. This is because the strong triple bond between N atoms in N2 molecules makes it inert. In order for plants and animals to be able to use nitrogen, N2 gas must first be converted to a more chemically available form such as ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), or urea which is the organic nitrogen form. The movement of nitrogen between the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere in it's different forms is known as the Nitrogen Cycle, one of the major biogeochemical cycles. The reduction of N2 to ammonium by bacteria is known as the process of Nitrogen Fixation, while the reconversion of nitrogen by bacteria to it's gaseous form (N2) is called Denitrification.
The Water Cycle The water cycle, also known as the hydraulic cycle, is one of the most important biogeochemical cycles on earth. It is a non stopping cycle, which brings the water from liquid on earth, than up to the atmosphere in gas form and then back down as liquid. The Sun's supplies heat to earth for the process of evaporation and transpiration to occur. The process of evaporation is when the water from lakes, oceans and rivers heat and it rises into the atmosphere and transpiration is when water from plants rises into the atmosphere. The water that rises is turned into gas called water vapor and the droplets condensate to form clouds. When the clouds meet cool air over land, precipitation occurs, and water returns to the land or sea. When precipitation occurs, it either comes in the form of rain sleet or snow. Some of the precipitation soaks into the ground and collected into the root of trees. Some of the other water goes underground and trapped in between rock beds/sheets; this is called groundwater. But most of the water flows downhill as runoff. Runoff usually empties into lakes, rivers and oceans. Then the cycle continues. Other important biogeochemical on earth are the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles. These cycles are just as helpful as the water cycle, which makes our earth a complete and perfect place for environments and places to live.
The water cycle, also known as the hydraulic cycle, is one of the most important biogeochemical cycles on earth. It is a non stopping cycle, which brings the water from liquid on earth, than up to the atmosphere in gas form and then back down as liquid. The Sun's supplies heat to earth for the process of evaporation and transpiration to occur. The process of evaporation is when the water from lakes, oceans and rivers heat and it rises into the atmosphere and transpiration is when water from plants rises into the atmosphere. The water that rises is turned into gas called water vapor and the droplets condensate to form clouds. When the clouds meet cool air over land, precipitation occurs, and water returns to the land or sea. When precipitation occurs, it either comes in the form of rain sleet or snow. Some of the precipitation soaks into the ground and collected into the root of trees. Some of the other water goes underground and trapped in between rock beds/sheets; this is called groundwater. But most of the water flows downhill as runoff. Runoff usually empties into lakes, rivers and oceans. Then the cycle continues. Other important biogeochemical on earth are the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles. These cycles are just as helpful as the water cycle, which makes our earth a complete and perfect place for environments and places to live.
Oxygen is present in the carbon dioxide, in the carbohydrates, in water, and as a molecule of two oxygen atoms. Oxygen is released to the atmosphere by autotrophs during photosynthesis and taken up by both autotrophs and heterotrophs during respiration. All of the oxygen in the atmosphere is biogenic, which means it was released from water through photosynthesis by autotrophs.
Animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Plants take in carbon dioxide and give oxygen. At the same time that plants continue adding oxygen to the atmosphere, it is also being removed by various processes. Oxygen is highly reactive. As the oxygen in our atmosphere interacts with other substances, it often bonds to them, becoming trapped. Many life forms also remove oxygen from the atmosphere, as they breathe. This oxygen is used by these life forms to carry out the functions of life.
Carbon which is one of the three most important biobiochemical cycles is usually in the ocean or in the Atmoshere. It stats when a tree takes it in for photosenteisis. Then the tree is either eaten. The consumer let's out carbon through resporation or being decomposed. The carbon realeased by reputation goes back to the atmosphere, but the carbon from the decomposed organism is turned into fossil fuels. The fossil fuels are then brought to the surface through human activity. The carbon is taken back to the atmosphere by smoke and such other human activities.
Also carbon can be taken to the ocean. From the ocean organisms take in the carbon. They are eaten and the consumer gets all the carbon or they decompose. The dead organism will lie on the ocean floor and turn yet again to fossil fuels. These fossil fuels can be pumped up for the use of humans or be uplifted to the surface. Also the carbon can find it's way to volcanic activity and be exploded out as smoke. Anyways carbon will end of either in the atmosphere or in the ocean.
The Water Cycle:
ReplyDeleteThe water cycle is a continuous movement of water on and below the surface of the Earth. The sun drives the water cycle. The start of the water cycle is when the sun evaporates the water from the oceans and seas, this process is called evaporation. During that process the sun also drains the water from the trees and the leaves, this is called transpiration. After that tiny water droplets condense and form rain clouds, this process is known as condensation. Next, the water precipitates from the clouds and into the rivers and etc, this is the precipitation stage. After this the water runs off into the rivers to the lakes, ponds, and streams this stage is the runoff, stage. While the rain runs down the streams it also goes under the rocks and down underground this is seepage. The underground reservoir, moves the groundwater towards the ocean, but before through all the plants it goes through, the roots uptake the water in a process known as root uptake. Finally the water goes back into the ocean, and cycle goes on and on. The water cycle also has a few other steps and details that we didn't mention in class. There is snowmelt, which is the runoff by snow, canopy interception,is when the foliage of a canopy intercepts the precipitation and releases it into the atmosphere rather than it falling to the ground, sublimation,and which is when the solid water turns into water vapor.
The global water cycle can be described with nine major physical processes which form a continuum of water movement. Complex pathways include the passage of water from the gaseous envelope around the planet called the atmosphere, through the bodies of water on the surface of earth such as the oceans, glaciers and lakes, and at the same time (or more slowly) passing through the soil and rock layers underground. Later, the water is returned to the atmosphere. A fundamental characteristic of the hydrologic cycle is that it has no beginning an it has no end. It can be studied by starting at any of the following processes: evaporation, transpiration condensation, precipitation, runoff, and storage. Evaporation occurs when the physical state of water is changed from a liquid state to a gaseous state. A considerable amount of heat, about 600 calories of energy for each gram of water, is exchanged during the change of state. Typically, solar radiation and other factors such as air temperature, vapor pressure, wind, and atmospheric pressure affect the amount of natural evaporation that takes place in any geographic area. Evaporation can occur on raindrops, and on free water surfaces such as seas and lakes. It can even occur from water settled on vegetation, soil, rocks and snow. There is also evaporation caused by human activities. Heated buildings experience evaporation of water settled on its surfaces. Evaporated moisture is lifted into the atmosphere from the ocean, land surfaces, and water bodies as water vapor. Some vapor always exists in the atmosphere. Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. Transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves. When rain hits saturated or impervious ground it begins to flow overland downhill. It is easy to see if it flows down your driveway to the curb and into a storm sewer, but it is harder to notice it flowing overland in a natural setting. During a heavy rain you might notice small rivulets of water flowing downhill. Water will flow along channels as it moves into larger creeks, streams, and rivers. This picture gives a graphic example of how surface runoff (here flowing off a road) enters a small creek. The runoff in this case is flowing over bare soil and is depositing sediment into the river (not good for water quality). The runoff entering this creek is beginning its journey back to the ocean. When the war gets to the bottom it is sucked into the ground wich is called seepage. Then the water can either be stored under water as groundwater, get taken by roots, or go back into the ocean. Then it repeats all over again. This is called the water cycle
ReplyDeletePrecipitation comes after transpiration before runoff its is when the water is releaased into te atmosphere as snow, water, hail, and sleet.
ReplyDeleteIn most ecosystems nitrogen is primarily stored in living and dead organic matter. This organic nitrogen is converted into inorganic forms when it re-enters the biogeochemical cycle via decomposition. Decomposers, found in the upper soil layer, chemically modify the nitrogen found in organic matter from ammonia (NH3 ) to ammonium salts (NH4+ ). This process is known as mineralization and it is carried out by a variety of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi.
ReplyDeleteNitrogen in the form of ammonium can be absorbed onto the surfaces of clay particles in the soil. The ion of ammonium has a positive molecular charge is normally held by soil colloids. This process is sometimes called micelle fixation (see Figure 9s-1). Ammonium is released from the colloids by way of cation exchange. When released, most of the ammonium is often chemically altered by a specific type of autotrophic bacteria (bacteria that belong to the genus Nitrosomonas) into nitrite (NO2- ). Further modification by another type of bacteria (belonging to the genus Nitrobacter) converts the nitrite to nitrate (NO3- ). Both of these processes involve chemical oxidation and are known as nitrification. However, nitrate is very soluble and it is easily lost from the soil system by leaching. Some of this leached nitrate flows through the hydrologic system until it reaches the oceans where it can be returned to the atmosphere by denitrification. Denitrification is also common in anaerobic soils and is carried out by heterotrophic bacteria. The process of denitrification involves the metabolic reduction of nitrate (NO3- ) into nitrogen (N2) or nitrous oxide (N2O) gas. Both of these gases then diffuse into the atmosphere.
Almost all of the nitrogen found in any terrestrial ecosystem originally came from the atmosphere. Significant amounts enter the soil in rainfall or through the effects of lightning. The majority, however, is biochemically fixed within the soil by specialized micro-organisms like bacteria, actinomycetes, and cyanobacteria. Members of the bean family (legumes) and some other kinds of plants form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with nitrogen fixing bacteria. In exchange for some nitrogen, the bacteria receive from the plants carbohydrates and special structures (nodules) in roots where they can exist in a moist environment. Scientists estimate that biological fixation globally adds approximately 140 million metric tons of nitrogen to ecosystems every year.
Nice job so far! Make sure you are using your own words to describe these processes, otherwise, it is plagiarism.
ReplyDeleteOne of the important geochemical cycles is the Water Cycle. The process of the water cycle is a descriptive and has four processes before it repeats itself. The major natural substances that the water cycle needs are trees, the sun, and water. Another term for the Water Cycle is the Hydrological cycle.
ReplyDeleteMajor terms you must know in order to understand the water cycle is evaporation, which is the process when water turns into gas and transpiration, which is the process of the water in the leaves of the stomata evaporates. Water Cycle's first step is when water from oceans, ponds, lakes and other types of bodies of water. Also in the first step transpiration occurs and the water is taken from the stomata. The second step of this process is when the water vapor reaches the atmosphere, cools down and forms into clouds. As time passes the droplets of water get bigger as a result the final step arrives. The final step of this process is that rain, snow, hail or sleet which falls from these clouds because the water droplets become to big for the clouds to hold. When the final process is over this cycle that I explain continues. This process is never ending until one of the three major components are missing, which are water, nature, and the sun.
As you can see this is a very detailed process and there is more which are how the water goes into the ground which is seepage and provides water to the roots. When these roots have received their water, the surplus water that is left drains itself into the ocean, which is called runoff.
The water cycle is a nonstop movement of water on and below Earths surface The sun is the reason the water cycle continues and helps drive the cycle.The sun heats the water in oceans and seas. Water evaporates into water vapor into the air. While this part of the cycle is occurring, transpiration, the process of transpiring water from plants, their leaves, and also evaporating from the soil, is also happening. Air currents drag the water vapor up into the atmosphere, where the different temperature causes the vapor to condense and turn into clouds in a process called condensation. Eventually, this condensed water vapor being dragged around by the air current, starts to precipitate in a few different forms: rain, snow, hail, sleet, etc. Most water falls back into the oceans or onto land as rain, where the water flows over the ground as runoff. Also water the gathers up on high elevations, like mountains or hills, can also produce runoffs that evenutally make their way to lakes. Some of this surface runoff joins back to the rivers, others seep into the ground in a process called percolation. That water becomes groundwater, and can be stored underground for a long time. Groundwater can either reconnect to large bodies of water, and can also get taken up to the plant roots in a process called root uptake. Over time, water returns to bodies of water, like the ocean, and eventually the process is repeated all over again.
ReplyDeletePhosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants and animals in the form of ions .It is a part of DNA-molecules. Phosphorus is also a building block of certain parts of the human and animal body, such as the bones and teeth.
ReplyDeletePhosphorus can be found on earth in water, soil and sediments. Unlike the compounds of other matter cycles phosphorus cannot be found in air in the gaseous state. This is because phosphorus is usually liquid at normal temperatures and pressures. It is mainly cycling through water, soil and sediments. In the atmosphere phosphorus can mainly be found as very small dust particles.
Phosphorus moves slowly from deposits on land and in sediments, to living organisms, and than much more slowly back into the soil and water sediment. The phosphorus cycle is the slowest one of the matter cycles .
Phosphorus is most commonly found in rock formations and ocean sediments as phosphate salts. Phosphate salts that are released from rocks through weathering usually dissolve in soil water and will be absorbed by plants. Because the quantities of phosphorus in soil are generally small, it is often the limiting factor for plant growth. That is why humans often apply phosphate fertilizers on farmland. Phosphates are also limiting factors for plant-growth in marine ecosystems, because they are not very water-soluble. Animals absorb phosphates by eating plants or plant-eating animals.
Phosphorus cycles through plants and animals much faster than it does through rocks and sediments. When animals and plants die, phosphates will return to the soils or oceans again during decay. After that, phosphorus will end up in sediments or rock formations again, remaining there for millions of years. Eventually, phosphorus is released again through weathering and the cycle starts over.
One of the three major biochemical cycles is the water cycle.
ReplyDeleteThe water cycle has no starting or ending point, but I’ll begin with the oceans, since that is where most of Earth's water exists. The sun heats water in the oceans. Some of it evaporates as vapor into the air. Ice and snow can sublimate directly into water vapor. Rising air currents take the vapor up into the atmosphere, along with water from transpiration. Transpiration is the process in which water given off through the leaves of plants and evaporated from the soil.
The vapor rises into the air where cooler temperatures cause it to condense into clouds. Air currents move clouds around the globe. Cloud particles collide, grow, and fall out of the sky as precipitation. Some precipitation falls as snow and can accumulate as icecaps and glaciers, which can store frozen water for thousands of years.
Snow packs in warmer climates often thaw and melt when spring arrives. The melted water flows overland as snowmelt. Most precipitation falls back into the oceans or onto land (due to gravity). The precipitation flows over the ground as surface runoff. A portion of runoff enters rivers in valleys in the landscape, with stream flow moving water towards the oceans. Runoff, and ground-water seepage, accumulate and are stored as freshwater in lakes.
Not all runoff flows into rivers, though. Much of it soaks into the ground as infiltration. Some water infiltrates deep into the ground and replenishes aquifers, which are saturated subsurface rock. Aquifers store huge amounts of freshwater for long periods of time. Some infiltration stays close to the land surface and can seep back into surface-water bodies (and the ocean) as ground-water discharge, and some ground water finds openings in the land surface and emerges as freshwater springs. Over time all of the water keeps moving. Some of it re-enters the ocean, and the process is repeated over and over again.
The water cycle one of the most important biogeochemical cycles is a continuous cycle in which the water is constantly changing form. As the sun heats up the water in the oceans and or plants it causes the water in them to evaporate or trans-pirated (plant). As the water evaporates it turns into water vapor thus rising into the atmosphere. As the water is brought up to the atmosphere the air currents causes it to condense. The air currents keep moving the condense water around causing it to precipitate. There are several forms of precipitation like hail, snow, rain, and sleet, but the most common one is rain. Most of the rain falls into the ocean or falls on hills causing runoffs and ending up in the ocean. Rain also sometimes falls on flat land causing it to gather up. As the water gathers up it can form lakes or it can seep through the ground in a process called percolation. As the water seeps through it is stored underground making it groundwater. The groundwater can connect to large bodies of water such as oceans and lakes or it can be kept and stored into the ground. As the runoff or groundwater ends up into the ocean the cycle repeats itself.
ReplyDeleteWater is one of the most essential nutrients to sustain human life. If it were not for the water cycle, water would not be reused. The water cycle begins when water is evaporated from bodies of water, for example the ocean. A lot of water is also stored within leaves. Water can also be evaporated from leaves in the process known as transpiration. Once the water rises in the form of water vapor, it condenses to form clouds in the atmosphere. Once the evaporated and condensated water becomes large enough to form rain drops, the water returns back to the surface of the land through the process that is known as precipitation. After water has precipitated back to Earth in the form of rain, two difeerent processes can take place; the precipitated water can either run off back into a body of water, or it can seep through the soil into the ground through a process known as percolation. If enough water has percolated into the ground, an underground reservoir of water can be formed. An underground reservoir is very useful to humans. This is because humans can use the water found in the underground reservoir as a source of fresh water. After all the processes that form the water cycle are completed, the cycle repeats beginning with evaporation and/or transporation to reuse the water.
ReplyDeleteThe water cycle is just as important as any of the other biogeochemical cycles (nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, and carbon cycle) that take place on earth.
Nitrogen is one of the essential components of DNA, RNA, and proteins, the building blocks of all living organisms. All organisms require nitrogen to live and grow. Although the majority of the air we breath is N2 (78 percent), most of the nitrogen in the atmosphere is unavailable for use by organisms. This is because the strong triple bond between N atoms in N2 molecules makes it inert. In order for plants and animals to be able to use nitrogen, N2 gas must first be converted to a more chemically available form such as ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), or urea which is the organic nitrogen form. The movement of nitrogen between the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere in it's different forms is known as the Nitrogen Cycle, one of the major biogeochemical cycles. The reduction of N2 to ammonium by bacteria is known as the process of Nitrogen Fixation, while the reconversion of nitrogen by bacteria to it's gaseous form (N2) is called Denitrification.
ReplyDeleteThe Water Cycle
ReplyDeleteThe water cycle, also known as the hydraulic cycle, is one of the most important biogeochemical cycles on earth. It is a non stopping cycle, which brings the water from liquid on earth, than up to the atmosphere in gas form and then back down as liquid. The Sun's supplies heat to earth for the process of evaporation and transpiration to occur. The process of evaporation is when the water from lakes, oceans and rivers heat and it rises into the atmosphere and transpiration is when water from plants rises into the atmosphere. The water that rises is turned into gas called water vapor and the droplets condensate to form clouds. When the clouds meet cool air over land, precipitation occurs, and water returns to the land or sea. When precipitation occurs, it either comes in the form of rain sleet or snow. Some of the precipitation soaks into the ground and collected into the root of trees. Some of the other water goes underground and trapped in between rock beds/sheets; this is called groundwater. But most of the water flows downhill as runoff. Runoff usually empties into lakes, rivers and oceans. Then the cycle continues.
Other important biogeochemical on earth are the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles. These cycles are just as helpful as the water cycle, which makes our earth a complete and perfect place for environments and places to live.
The water cycle, also known as the hydraulic cycle, is one of the most important biogeochemical cycles on earth. It is a non stopping cycle, which brings the water from liquid on earth, than up to the atmosphere in gas form and then back down as liquid. The Sun's supplies heat to earth for the process of evaporation and transpiration to occur. The process of evaporation is when the water from lakes, oceans and rivers heat and it rises into the atmosphere and transpiration is when water from plants rises into the atmosphere. The water that rises is turned into gas called water vapor and the droplets condensate to form clouds. When the clouds meet cool air over land, precipitation occurs, and water returns to the land or sea. When precipitation occurs, it either comes in the form of rain sleet or snow. Some of the precipitation soaks into the ground and collected into the root of trees. Some of the other water goes underground and trapped in between rock beds/sheets; this is called groundwater. But most of the water flows downhill as runoff. Runoff usually empties into lakes, rivers and oceans. Then the cycle continues.
ReplyDeleteOther important biogeochemical on earth are the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles. These cycles are just as helpful as the water cycle, which makes our earth a complete and perfect place for environments and places to live.
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ReplyDeleteOxygen is present in the carbon dioxide, in the carbohydrates, in water, and as a molecule of two oxygen atoms. Oxygen is released to the atmosphere by autotrophs during photosynthesis and taken up by both autotrophs and heterotrophs during respiration. All of the oxygen in the atmosphere is biogenic, which means it was released from water through photosynthesis by autotrophs.
ReplyDeleteAnimals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Plants take in carbon dioxide and give oxygen. At the same time that plants continue adding oxygen to the atmosphere, it is also being removed by various processes.
Oxygen is highly reactive. As the oxygen in our atmosphere interacts with other substances, it often bonds to them, becoming trapped. Many life forms also remove oxygen from the atmosphere, as they breathe. This oxygen is used by these life forms to carry out the functions of life.
Lia
Carbon which is one of the three most important biobiochemical cycles is usually in the ocean or in the Atmoshere. It stats when a tree takes it in for photosenteisis. Then the tree is either eaten. The consumer let's out carbon through resporation or being decomposed. The carbon realeased by reputation goes back to the atmosphere, but the carbon from the decomposed organism is turned into fossil fuels. The fossil fuels are then brought to the surface through human activity. The carbon is taken back to the atmosphere by smoke and such other human activities.
ReplyDeleteAlso carbon can be taken to the ocean. From the ocean organisms take in the carbon. They are eaten and the consumer gets all the carbon or they decompose. The dead organism will lie on the ocean floor and turn yet again to fossil fuels. These fossil fuels can be pumped up for the use of humans or be uplifted to the surface. Also the carbon can find it's way to volcanic activity and be exploded out as smoke. Anyways carbon will end of either in the atmosphere or in the ocean.